Using Recital SQL

Using Recital SQL

Creating a Recital Database

The create database statement is used to create a new database. This will create a sub-directory in the DB_DATADIR directory and a database catalog with the same name as the database specified.

create database [if not exists] <database>

A database, its tables and other associated files can be physically deleted using the drop database statement.

drop database [if exists] <database>

Opening a Recital Database

To open a database and set it as the default database for any subsequent SQL statements, use the open database statement.

open database <database> [EXCLUSIVE | SHARED] [NOUPDATE] [VALIDATE]

The open database command triggers the DBC_OPENDATA database event. If a dbc_opendata.prg program file exists in the database's directory, this will be run. If the dbc_opendata.prg program returns .F. (False), the open database operation will be abandoned.

Databases can also have an associated procedure library that is activated automatically when the database is opened. The procedure library must follow the naming convention dbc_<database>_library.prg and must exist in the database's directory. When the database is closed, the procedure library is also closed.

Recital also supports the MySQL compatible use statement to open a database.

use <database>

Creating a Recital Table using Recital SQL

The create table statement creates a new table in the current database, or a new free table if no database is open.

Table column names, data types and constraints can be defined. Table constraints can also be specified.

create table [if not exists] <table>
  (<column> <datatype> [<column constraint> [...]][,...] [<table constraint> [...]])

Data Types

Recital supports the following data types:

• BIGINT
• BIT
• CHAR
• CURRENCY
• DATE
• DATETIME
• DECIMAL
• DOUBLE
• FLOAT
• GENERAL
• INTEGER
• LOGICAL
• LONG VARCHAR
• LONG VARBINARY
• MEDIUMINT
• MEMO
• NUMERIC
• OBJECT
• REAL
• SHORT
• SMALLINT
• TEXT
• TIME
• TIMESTAMP
• TINYINT
• VARCHAR

Loading Meta-data from an Array or XML File

The create table statement also allows a new table to be created from meta-data stored in an array or an XML file. In addition, data can optionally be loaded from the specified XML file.

create table [if not exists] <table>
  [from] xml <.xml file> [load] | from array <array> 

• ALTER TABLE
• ALTER INDEX
• CREATE INDEX

Table Constraints

CHECK	ERROR	FOREIGN KEY
INDEX	KEY	ONCLOSE
ONDELETE	ONINSERT	ONOPEN
ONROLLBACK	ONUPDATE	PRIMARY KEY
UNIQUE

Column Constraints

AUTO_INCREMENT	AUTOINC	CALCULATED
CHECK	DEFAULT	DESCRIPTION
ERROR	FOREIGN KEY	NOCPTRANS
NOT NULL	NULL	PRIMARY KEY
RANGE	RECALCULATE	REFERENCES
SET CHECK	UNIQUE

Inserting Records into a Recital Table using Recital SQL

• INSERT

Selecting Records from a Recital Table Using Recital SQL

• SELECT
• DECLARE CURSOR
• OPEN
• FETCH
• DROP CURSOR

Updating Records in a Recital Table using Recital SQL

• UPDATE
• BEGIN...END TRANSACTION
• COMMIT
• ROLLBACK

Deleting Records in a Recital Table using Recital SQL

• DELETE

Obtain Information about a Recital Table using SQL

• SYSBESTROWIDENTIFIER Description of a table’s optimal set of columns that uniquely identifies a row
• SYSCOLUMNCONSTRAINTS Description of the constraints for a table’s columns
• SYSCOLUMNPRIVILEGES Description of the access rights for a table’s columns
• SYSCOLUMNS Description of the table columns available in the catalog
• SYSCROSSREFERENCE Description of how one table imports the keys of another table
• SYSEXPORTEDKEYS Description of the foreign key columns that reference the primary key columns
• SYSIMPORTEDKEYS Description of the primary key columns that are referenced by the foreign key
• SYSINDEXINFO Description of a table’s indices and statistics
• SYSPRIMARYKEYS Description of the primary key columns in the table
• SYSTABLECONSTRAINTS Description of the constraints for each table available in the catalog
• SYSTABLEPRIVILEGES Description of the access rights for each table available in the catalog
• SYSTABLES Description of the tables available in the catalog
• SYSTABLETYPES Table types available in the database system
• SYSVERSIONCOLUMNS Description of the columns in a table that are automatically updated when any row is updated

Executing Procedures and Prepared Statements using Recital SQL

• CREATE PROCEDURE
• DROP PROCEDURE
• EXECUTE
• EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
• PREPARE
• SYSRESULTSET Used to return the singleton result from any Recital expression