Difference between revisions of "Recital Flow Control and Looping"

Revision as of 10:29, 27 January 2010

Recital Flow Control and Looping

Recital Conditional Statements

Recital supports the following conditional statements:

• do case...enddo
• if...endif

Recital do case statements

The do case command selects one course of action out of one or more alternatives.

do case
case <condition as logical>
[<commands>]
[case <condition as logical>
[<commands>]]
[...]
[otherwise
[<commands>]]
endcase 

Each case condition is evaluated in turn. As soon as one of the conditions evaluates to true (.T.), the commands for that case are executed and any further case statements are ignored. Following execution of the commands, the program continues after the endcase statement. If an otherwise statement is present and no case condition evaluates to true, the otherwise commands are executed.

If no case condition evaluates to true, and there is no otherwise statement specified, then control skips to the next command following the endcase.

Example

The Recital if Statement

The if command processes commands based on the evaluation of a logical condition.

if <condition as logical>
[elseif <condition as logical>]
[else]
endif

If the result of the if condition is true (.T.), then the commands that follow up to an else, elseif or endif statement are executed.

The elseif clause can be added to the control structure allowing for the testing of more than one condition. The if...endif block is now essentially the same as the do...case structure and elseif is analogous with a case statement.

The else statement is analogous with the otherwise statement. If no previous if condition or elseif condition is true, the commands following the else statement up to the endif statement are executed.

Example

Recital Looping Statements

Recital supports the following looping statements:

• for...next
• do while...enddo
• foreach...endfor

Recital for loops

The for...next command repeats the commands between the for and the next statements for a specified number of times.

for <count variable> = <start as numeric> to <end as numeric>
[step <step as numeric>]
[exit]
[loop]
next

At the beginning of the for...next loop, the count is set to the start value and is increased by 1, or the value of step if specified, for each loop.

If an exit statement is encountered, the loop is exited. If a loop statement is encountered, control returns to the head of the loop.

Example

Recital do while loops

The do while command repeats the commands between the do while and the enddo statements until the specified condition becomes false (.F.).

do while <condition as logical>
[exit]
[loop]
enddo

Once the condition evaluates to false, Recital will skip down to the first statement following the enddo to continue execution.

If an exit statement is encountered, the loop is exited. If a loop statement is encountered, control returns to the head of the loop.

Note: when processing a series of records, remember to move the record pointer to the next required record. The skip command can be used do this.

skip <records as numeric> [in <cursor as numeric> | <alias as character>]

Example

Recital foreach loops

The foreach...endfor command is used to iterate over each element in an array or member in an object or associative array.

foreach <array> as <value as variable> | <array> as <key variable> => <value as variable>
<statements>
endfor

The array must be the name of an existing array or object. The value is a reference to be loaded with the contents of each element or member in turn. Using the <key> => <value> syntax, the member names of an object or associative array can also be accessed.

Examples

// static array
numbers = array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
foreach numbers as elem
    ? elem * elem
endfor
 
// associative array
private myarray = array("Name" => "Recital", "Description" => "database")
foreach myarray as key => value
    echo "key=" + key + " value=" + value + "\n"
endfor